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Historical Roots
In the
early 1800s, when Tennessee was still a
wilderness,
Joseph Daniel and his family settled in
Franklin County. The
Motlow family, headed by
Agnes Motlow, a Revolutionary War widow,
settled in the adjacent Lincoln County.
Joseph's
son,
Calaway, and his wife,
Lucinda Cook, had ten children, one of
them Jasper Newton Daniel, who became known as
"Jack." Jack's sister,
Finetta, eventually married
Felix Motlow, and thus the names Motlow
and Daniel became entwined in history.
Jack Daniel was very young when his mother
died. His father remarried, and with so many
brothers and sisters, there was little attention
left for lack, and he left home to live with a
neighbor, Felix Waggoner. At the age of seven, he
went to work for Dan Call, a preacher who also
made whiskey and sold it at his store.
Jack
Daniel worked very hard for Dan Call and proved
himself an apt student. He took a particular
interest in the whiskey making operation and
learned it so well that Dan Call made him a full
partner. Eventually, Dan Call began to feel that
he needed to give his ministry his full attention,
and he sold the entire business to Jack Daniel,
who was 13 at the time.
Jack
Daniel was set on making the best whiskey
possible. He made his whiskey mostly from corn,
with rye and barley malt. The old "yeasting back"
process was used, which required the retention of
a portion of the mash from the previous run in
order to start a new batch. This is often referred
to as the "sour mash" batch. He also insisted on
using an old mellowing process that had
traditionally been used in Lincoln County to
smooth the new-made whiskey after it came from the
still. It took an additional ten to twelve days
for whiskey to seep through the vats packed with
charcoal, but Jack Daniel thought it was well
worth the time and effort. No one knows for sure
where the idea of "charcoal mellowing" began, but
it was known as "The Old Lincoln Country Process,"
and Lincoln County whiskey was considered to be
the finest made.
As the
fame of his whiskey spread, Jack Daniel searched
for an abundant source of limestone water. He
found it flowing from a cave spring in a hollow
near Lynchburg. Iron free and always flowing at
56' Fahrenheit, this water source has proven ideal
in making the unique whiskey from lack Daniel's
Hollow. This water, plus the special charcoal
mellowing process, set Jack Daniel's Tennessee
Whiskey apart from all others. In the early 1860s,
the Federal government began its plan to regulate
and tax all whiskey-making operations, and, in
1866, the Jack Daniel Distillery became the first
registered distillery in America.
Since
Jack Daniel never married and didn't have any
children, he took his favorite nephew, Lem Motlow,
under his wing. Lem had a head for numbers and was
soon doing all the distillery's bookkeeping. In
1907 due to failing health, Jack Daniel gave the
distillery to his nephew, Lem, and his cousin,
Dick Daniel. Dick later sold his share to Lem. A
few years earlier, Jack Daniel had lost his temper
and kicked the safe in his office. At first, he
suffered only a mild limp, but it got
progressively worse. Eventually he became ill, and
six years after the original incident, Jack Daniel
died.
Lem was a
very good businessman, and he was known to be a
very fair and generous man. When Prohibition
closed all the distilleries, Lem went into the
mule business and started a mule auction.
Lynchburg became one of the largest mule trading
centers in the South. The mule business thrived
until after the first World War.
In 1938,
some years after the repeal of Prohibition, Lem
resumed operation at the Lynchburg Distillery and
continued until 1942, when the government banned
all whiskey making for the duration of World War
II. While the government lifted its ban on whiskey
making in 1946, a provision remained allowing only
inferior grades of grain to be used. Lem Motlow,
unwilling to compromise the quality of his
whiskey, refused to resume operation until 1947
when the restriction was lifted and the finest
grains obtainable could be used.
In 1947,
Lem Motlow died, passing the distillery on to his
four sons, Reagor, Robert, Daniel Evans (also
known as Hap) and Connor. The Motlow brothers,
while increasing production, always remained
faithful to the tradition of quality set down by
Jack Daniel and their father. Mr. Jack's slogan
"every day we make it, we'll make it the best we
can," remains the goal of the distillery today.
Reagor,
first born, and always General Manager under his
father's guiding hand, assumed the position of
President. Reagor, Robert and Connor, became known
as the "shirt-sleeve brothers" of Tennessee
Whiskey fame. The times were changing, as was the
tax situation. In the 1950s, a tax of $10.50 for
each gallon of whiskey in storage had to be paid
up front before the whiskey was sold. This was a
huge sum, and since whiskey was a product of
undetermined value, if the price dropped, it would
have had a devastating effect on all the Motlows.
Also, as the distillery was family owned and the
stock was "undivided," if a member of the Motlow
family were to die, there would be a very
complicated inheritance tax problem.
For these
reasons, the Motlows decided to change the
financial structure of the distillery, and in 1956
sold it to the
Brown-Forman Company of Louisville, Kentucky.
The Brown family, like the Motlows, respected
quality, tradition and continuity and, therefore,
made few changes.
Under
careful management and Brown-Forman's financial
resources, Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey
continues to be made as it always has. Moreover,
it has become the leading premium American Whiskey
and an international success story. That would
certainly please Mr. Jack Daniel. But he would be
even more pleased to know that, today, the Jack
Daniel Distillery still makes whiskey the way he
made it back in 1866, when he said, Every day we
make it, we make it the best we can.

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